तस्मात्पात्रं हि पुरुषो यावानात्मा यथेयते ॥ ३८ ॥
tāratamyena vartate
tasmāt pātraṁ hi puruṣo
yāvān ātmā yatheyate
dīyate 'nupakāriṇe
deśe kāle ca pātre ca
tad dānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam
na viśeṣo hareḥ kvacit
vyakti-mātra-viśeṣeṇa
tāratamyaṁ vadanti ca
SYNONYMS
teṣu—among the different types of bodies (demigod, human, animal, bird, etc.); eva—indeed; bhagavān—the Supreme Personality of Godhead in His Paramātmā feature; rājan—O King; tāratamyena—comparatively, more or less; vartate—is situated; tasmāt—therefore; pātram—the Supreme Person; hi—indeed; puruṣaḥ—Paramātmā; yāvān—as far as; ātmā—the degree of understanding; yathā—development of austerity and penance; īyate—is manifest.
TRANSLATION
O King Yudhiṣṭhira, the Supersoul in every body gives intelligence to the individual soul according to his capacity for understanding. Therefore the Supersoul is the chief within the body. The Supersoul is manifested to the individual soul according to the individual's comparative development of knowledge, austerity, penance and so on.
PURPORT
In Bhagavad-gītā (15.15) it is said, mattaḥ smṛtir jñānam apohanaṁ ca: the Supreme Personality of Godhead in His localized aspect gives intelligence to the individual soul as far as he is able to grasp it. Therefore we find the individual soul in different high and low positions. A living entity with the body of a bird or beast cannot take instructions from the Supreme Soul as adequately as an advanced human being. Thus there are gradations of bodily forms. In human society, the perfect brāhmaṇa is supposed to be the most advanced in spiritual consciousness, and further advanced than the brāhmaṇa is the Vaiṣṇava. Therefore the best persons are the Vaiṣṇavas and Viṣṇu. When charity is to be given, one should take instruction from Bhagavad-gītā (17.20):
dīyate 'nupakāriṇe
deśe kāle ca pātre ca
tad dānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam
na viśeṣo hareḥ kvacit
vyakti-mātra-viśeṣeṇa
tāratamyaṁ vadanti ca